Research · Crowds · Oct 11, 2026
The test at a glance
Living Worlds' new crowd moved more like real people, in walking speed, spacing, path straightness and close contacts, than social force and people who ignore each other in more than half the runs of all four Jülich experiments: the 120-degree crossing 9 of 16, counterflow 11 of 18, the corner 8 of 13 and the bottleneck 4 of 5. It knows only where and when each person entered and left. Registered before any of the 52 runs was opened, with ORCA scored alongside; any run where a crowd failed to finish counted as a loss.
Protocol, result and scorer
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Real shoppers, following no instructions: met (the result).
Crowds