Living Worlds

Research · Lifetimes · Oct 5, 2026

Shocks as events

Met for women, not for men155 countries

Improved A later registered study met the bar: Men's life expectancy twenty years on, a year nobody had read.

The test at a glance

What it tests
Accuracy against reality: whether 80% intervals hold, with wars, collapses and epidemics as events.
Data
UN World Population Prospects 2024, 155 countries; fitted up to 1999.
Held out
2019.
Compared against
Blocks of past residuals around the same frozen forecast.
Bar
For both sexes: coverage 75% to 85% AND a lower interval score than the blocks, sign test p < 0.05.
Result
Women 79%, better in 93 of 155 (p 0.008); men 65%: not met for men.

Treating wars, collapses and epidemics as events with their own chances gave women honest 80% intervals: 79% coverage, better in 93 of 155 countries (p 0.008). Men's intervals covered 65%, centred too low.

Protocol, result and scorer

Lifetimes

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